L'analogie, un moyen de croiser les contraintes et les paradigmes

The paper proposes a technique to acquire morphological constructional (derivational) relations from dictionaries of synonyms in order to create morphological databases semi-automatically. It exploites the paradigmatic structure of the lexicons in several ways. The technique is based on the discovery of analogical (morpho-synonymic) quadruplets where semantic contraints defined as synonymic relations are combined with morphographical constraints. It is robust and language independent: it has been successfully applied to French and English dictionnaries of synonyms. The technique can be enhanced by typing the morphosynonymic quadruplets in order to make explicit the fact that some pairs of lexemes are submitted to more constraints than others. MOTS-CLÉS : lexique, morphologie computationnelle, suffixation, analogie morphographique, synonymie, apprentissage non supervisé.